OT Network Segmentation for Embedded Systems

When embedded devices cannot defend themselves, the network has to. Here is how segmentation protects fragile OT and embedded systems.

Meeting IEC 62443 on Real Hardware

IEC 62443 is the standard for industrial security, but meeting it on real embedded hardware takes interpretation. Here is how to apply it in practice.

Attacking Keyless Entry Systems

Keyless entry is convenient and a rich attack surface. Here is how relay, replay, and rolling-code attacks work against modern car and building entry.

Security Testing for Medical Devices

Medical device security carries stakes most products do not: patient safety. Here is how testing differs and what regulators now expect.

Threat Modeling an Implantable Device

An implantable device cannot be patched easily and lives inside a person. Here is how threat modeling has to adapt to those brutal constraints.

Securing PLCs against Firmware Tampering

PLCs run physical processes and were never designed for a hostile network. Here is how firmware tampering threatens them and how to defend against it.

UDS Diagnostics as an Attack Surface

UDS gives powerful access to a vehicle’s ECUs by design. Here is how that diagnostic protocol becomes an attack surface and how it should be defended.